Pope Lucius III, Lucca (Domenico Riccio)
The ancient and noble city of Lucca also had the honor of seeing one of its nationals to ascend the papal throne. It 'happened eight centuries ago with the Allucingoli Ubaldo, who became pope under the name of Lucius III.
reminds placed a marble on the facade of the Renaissance Burlamacchi palace, built in the historic center, next to the building Bernardini, the medieval home of Allucingoli, on which is written: "Mansfield and the tower whence Allucingoli Pope Lucius III. It is no coincidence that the current Suffrage Square, located at the rear of the building and was attributable to it, is still called by many Lucca "Court of the Pope." The noble family of
Allucingoli, who was born in the nearby district of Lunata, in addition to the pope also has included two cardinals (both appointed by Lucio III): Gerard, cardinal deacon of S. Adriano, and Hubert, the title of Cardinal Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, but then became extinct over the centuries.
Allucingoli Ubaldo was born in Lucca in the late eleventh century, in 1097, according to some historians. He entered the monastic order of Cistercians very young, he was ordained in 1138 by Pope Innocent II cardinal deacon of Sant'Adriano and, three years later, cardinal priest of Santa Prassede and sent to France with the title of papal legate. In 1158 Pope Adrian IV made him cardinal bishop of Ostia and Velletri.
During the long reign of Pope Alexander III became one of the most influential cardinals and the papal delegation headed in difficult missions in the court of Frederick Barbarossa, who had to estimate it very much.
the death of Alexander III, which occurred August 30, 1181, the cardinals gathered in the Cathedral of Velletri, elected him pope the next day. Allucingoli Ubaldo, who had already passed the eighty years of age, enormous for its time, was consecrated on September 6th of 1181 and assumed the name of Lucius III.
He lived in Rome only a few months. The contrasts with the city, which was proclaimed free city and of course he would never recognize, forced him to spend in exile, mainly in Velletri, Anagni and Verona, the rest of his pontificate.
Locked in the castle of signs, he sent for his Tuscia Christian of Mainz, vicar of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, why defend him with his troops from the attacks of the Romans. Christian defeated the Romans, but later died at Tusculum hit by a malignant fever. Then the Romans, after putting fire to the surrounding territory, they returned to attack the castle of the pope. "Their hatred of the clergy - wrote it storico tedesco Ferdinand Gregorovius nella sua “Storia della città di Roma nel Medioevo” - era selvaggio e barbarico. Una volta catturarono un certo numero di preti nella campagna, li accecarono tutti salvo uno, li fecero montare su degli asini e, dopo averli incappucciati con mitre e pergamene su cui erano scritte nomi di cardinali, comandarono a quello che avevano risparmiato di condurre al papa questo macabro corteo”.
Era la fine dell’estate del 1183. Il pontefice riuscì a fuggire a Verona, dove si trovava anche l’imperatore, che solo un paio di mesi prima, il 25 giugno, aveva sottoscritto la Pace di Costanza, concedendo ampia autonomia ai Comuni della Lega Lombarda.
Tra Lucio III e Federico Barbarossa nacquero presto molte controversie. Da quella relativa all’eredità della Contessa Matilde di Canossa, i cui diritti, reclamati dal papa, l’imperatore non volle riconoscere, alla regolarizzazione, desiderata dal Barbarossa, dei vescovi tedeschi eletti durante lo scisma, in particolare per la sede dell’importantissima città di Treviri, che il pontefice rifiutò di concedere; dall’indisponibilità dell’imperatore ad aiutare il papa con le armi contro i romani, al rifiuto di Lucio Terzo di incoronare Enrico, figlio del Barbarossa, essendo questi ancora in vita, ritenendo incompatibile l’esistenza contemporanea di due imperatori.
Nel 1184, presente l’imperatore, Lucio III indisse il concilio Verona and, after all excommunicated heretics (Cathars or Albigenses, Patarini, Waldensians and Arnold) and their supporters, granted to the bishops the power to "inquire" heretics in the future, laying the foundation of what would become the Holy Inquisition.
Frederick Barbarossa returned to Germany and announced the engagement between the eighteen year old son Henry and thirty Constance of Hauteville, daughter of Roger II of Sicily. That bond, much feared by the pope, has led to dramatically expand the Empire and crush the north and south by the Papal States. The conflict then became
incurable and led to the rupture of relations between the papacy and the empire.
In 1185, accepting the calls of the young king of Jerusalem Baldwin IV of Anjou, threatened by Saladin, the pontiff also began preparations for the Third Crusade, but could not complete them.
Before his death, raised to the altars and the knight hermit Galgano Guidotti Siena, after completion by Cardinal Conrad of Wittelsbach, the "first canonical cause" of church history.
Lucius III died at Verona on 25 November 1185 and was buried in the cathedral of that city.
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