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Pope Lucius III

Pope Lucius III, Lucca (Domenico Riccio)

The ancient and noble city of Lucca also had the honor of seeing one of its nationals to ascend the papal throne. It 'happened eight centuries ago with the Allucingoli Ubaldo, who became pope under the name of Lucius III.
reminds placed a marble on the facade of the Renaissance Burlamacchi palace, built in the historic center, next to the building Bernardini, the medieval home of Allucingoli, on which is written: "Mansfield and the tower whence Allucingoli Pope Lucius III. It is no coincidence that the current Suffrage Square, located at the rear of the building and was attributable to it, is still called by many Lucca "Court of the Pope." The noble family of
Allucingoli, who was born in the nearby district of Lunata, in addition to the pope also has included two cardinals (both appointed by Lucio III): Gerard, cardinal deacon of S. Adriano, and Hubert, the title of Cardinal Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, but then became extinct over the centuries.
Allucingoli Ubaldo was born in Lucca in the late eleventh century, in 1097, according to some historians. He entered the monastic order of Cistercians very young, he was ordained in 1138 by Pope Innocent II cardinal deacon of Sant'Adriano and, three years later, cardinal priest of Santa Prassede and sent to France with the title of papal legate. In 1158 Pope Adrian IV made him cardinal bishop of Ostia and Velletri.
During the long reign of Pope Alexander III became one of the most influential cardinals and the papal delegation headed in difficult missions in the court of Frederick Barbarossa, who had to estimate it very much.
the death of Alexander III, which occurred August 30, 1181, the cardinals gathered in the Cathedral of Velletri, elected him pope the next day. Allucingoli Ubaldo, who had already passed the eighty years of age, enormous for its time, was consecrated on September 6th of 1181 and assumed the name of Lucius III.
He lived in Rome only a few months. The contrasts with the city, which was proclaimed free city and of course he would never recognize, forced him to spend in exile, mainly in Velletri, Anagni and Verona, the rest of his pontificate.
Locked in the castle of signs, he sent for his Tuscia Christian of Mainz, vicar of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, why defend him with his troops from the attacks of the Romans. Christian defeated the Romans, but later died at Tusculum hit by a malignant fever. Then the Romans, after putting fire to the surrounding territory, they returned to attack the castle of the pope. "Their hatred of the clergy - wrote it storico tedesco Ferdinand Gregorovius nella sua “Storia della città di Roma nel Medioevo” - era selvaggio e barbarico. Una volta catturarono un certo numero di preti nella campagna, li accecarono tutti salvo uno, li fecero montare su degli asini e, dopo averli incappucciati con mitre e pergamene su cui erano scritte nomi di cardinali, comandarono a quello che avevano risparmiato di condurre al papa questo macabro corteo”.
Era la fine dell’estate del 1183. Il pontefice riuscì a fuggire a Verona, dove si trovava anche l’imperatore, che solo un paio di mesi prima, il 25 giugno, aveva sottoscritto la Pace di Costanza, concedendo ampia autonomia ai Comuni della Lega Lombarda.
Tra Lucio III e Federico Barbarossa nacquero presto molte controversie. Da quella relativa all’eredità della Contessa Matilde di Canossa, i cui diritti, reclamati dal papa, l’imperatore non volle riconoscere, alla regolarizzazione, desiderata dal Barbarossa, dei vescovi tedeschi eletti durante lo scisma, in particolare per la sede dell’importantissima città di Treviri, che il pontefice rifiutò di concedere; dall’indisponibilità dell’imperatore ad aiutare il papa con le armi contro i romani, al rifiuto di Lucio Terzo di incoronare Enrico, figlio del Barbarossa, essendo questi ancora in vita, ritenendo incompatibile l’esistenza contemporanea di due imperatori.
Nel 1184, presente l’imperatore, Lucio III indisse il concilio Verona and, after all excommunicated heretics (Cathars or Albigenses, Patarini, Waldensians and Arnold) and their supporters, granted to the bishops the power to "inquire" heretics in the future, laying the foundation of what would become the Holy Inquisition.
Frederick Barbarossa returned to Germany and announced the engagement between the eighteen year old son Henry and thirty Constance of Hauteville, daughter of Roger II of Sicily. That bond, much feared by the pope, has led to dramatically expand the Empire and crush the north and south by the Papal States. The conflict then became
incurable and led to the rupture of relations between the papacy and the empire.
In 1185, accepting the calls of the young king of Jerusalem Baldwin IV of Anjou, threatened by Saladin, the pontiff also began preparations for the Third Crusade, but could not complete them.
Before his death, raised to the altars and the knight hermit Galgano Guidotti Siena, after completion by Cardinal Conrad of Wittelsbach, the "first canonical cause" of church history.
Lucius III died at Verona on 25 November 1185 and was buried in the cathedral of that city.

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Mario Zicchieri

October 29, 1975: Mario Zicchieri is killed by the Red Brigades. Not to forget.

"We talk about forgiveness - his debut - but I'm turning Morucci to want to know if the name of my son, Mario Zicchieri, tells him something, if you remember that he had killed a boy who looked to life ... her Morucci, please note that you have killed my son, her murderess ... "It 's the question, the relief of Mary Lydia, the mother of Mario Zicchieri, which breaks in the transmission of live Sky Luca Telese between leading on Years of Lead, who calls unexpectedly and leaves all of ghiaccio.Ho read these words on Tiscali-blog under the title "the arrows of the Third Millennium," which begins "Dear Red Brigade" and was posted by one hundred thousand no one Friday, October 28, 2005 at 18:44:04 on page 228 of my novel "The pussy of Capannori” (Maria Pacini Fazzi editore, Lucca 2005), si legge testualmente: “... a Roma, Mario Zicchieri. Ha solo 16 anni ed è già aderente al Fronte della Gioventù. Questa la sua colpa, da pagare con la morte. E’ in via Gattamelata, dinanzi alla sezione del Movimento Sociale del quartiere Prenestino con altri ragazzi. Un commando di comunisti, accecati dall’odio e dalla stupidità, assalta la sezione. Sparano con fucili a canne mozze, come usano fare i mafiosi. Marco Lucchetti, di quindici anni, è ferito gravemente. Mario, invece, stramazza al suolo privo di vita. Pare che il brigatista rosso Bruno Seghetti abbia in seguito dichiarato: “A sparare contro Mario Zicchieri siamo stati in tre: io, Valerio Morucci and Bruno Maccari. It will not be believed. "On 29 October this year marks the thirty-first anniversary of the death of the young Mario Zicchieri. And after 31 years no one has admitted his guilt, yet nobody has been convicted and none has yet paid. And you know what has been the attitude of Morucci, in this broadcast, when he heard a call from Maria Lidia? Do you think he did a quick examination of conscience? That he felt a little guilty before the mother of a boy killed? I've experienced something that looks like an afterthought? Let's go back to read the blog: "Morucci remains motionless, but rumored to microphones turned off:" This is not a currency public (!!!), this is not an investigation! "Then, in direct answer to avoid." "... Morucci Valerio, a former Red Brigades on trial for the murder, was acquitted and, therefore, despite having committed this unjustifiable murder, has not served any day in jail, because it was the fault of the" climate ", the" context "justify everything" was not a crime to kill a fascist. " 1975 was the annus terribilis of purges against the fascists, from Primavalle fire that burned alive Mattei brothers (Virgil aged 22 and Matthew only 9 years old), the gunshot that killed Mikis Mantakas, Sergio Ramelli, killed locked in Workers from Autonomy. "And the mother of Zicchieri, like many of us, did not forget and call for answers that, like us, he never had. He wonders why his son was the first victim of the Red Brigades, the price of an initiation rite that the Brigade faced before turning elsewhere and aims more "high" their blind fury Morucci Valerio, Bruno Saws and Bruno Maccari, Correa in this murder, the headlines went to the Moro murder. " "There are so many signs on the walls of Rome, who are bent on closing the gap on the pages of history: from fresh flowers every day they are brought to Larentia Acca, the effigy of Stephen Recchioni corner where died, the name on the painting by Francesco Cecchin terrace from where it was thrown. But this is not enough to accept the sacrifice of young men, torn from life just because militants in the "wrong side". The "damnatio memoriae" in respect of part of the Italians, deeply pursued by the birth of this Republic with empty sentences and sometimes non-existent, is the daughter of a Manichean attitude out of time in which the left still lies with obstinacy. But how long will you still persevere in this civil war? "I often ask myself this question too. And as the mother of Mario Zicchieri, I hope that many murderers have the courage, after so many years to admit their blunders, to recognize the crimes they have committed and that it is difficult that they can still pay at least apologize or be ashamed. I hope that left no longer continue to instill hatred in the minds of young people, I hate that so much damage has produced in years of lead. Domenico Riccio

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Invasion Hungary 1956 - 50 years later. The government not to forget

4.25 At the November 4, 1956, the Red Army entered Butapest and, firing on students and workers, disgracefully broke the dream of freedom of the Hungarian people, restoring dictatorship comunista.La revolution began in afternoon of October 23. A large group of university students found himself in the streets to demonstrate for Pest solidarietà al polacco Gomulka. Agli studenti si unirono moltissimi cittadini ed anche i soldati ungheresi intervenuti per disperderli. La folla crescente, non meno di centomila persone, dopo aver reclamato Nagy, mosse verso il Parlamento, al di là del grande fiume, rovesciò un'enorme statua di Stalin e assediò il palazzo della radio che si era rifiutata di trasmettere un comunicato. Intervenne la polizia di sicurezza, l'AVH, e aprì il fuoco sulla folla uccidendo molte persone. La protesta allora si allargò rapidamente e si trasformò in insurrezione.Due giorni dopo Imre Nagy formava un governo con la presenza di molti moderati, tra cui il filosofo Lukacs, e senza la presenza di stalinisti.Intanto la rivoluzione si era estesa in tutto the country. Came to life, trade unions, cultural associations, free newspapers and broadcasters, at the time crushed by totalitarian communism, and in every factory workers' councils were formed. They demanded the withdrawal of Soviet and free elezioni.Ma November 3 General Maleter Pal, the minister of defense who had sided with the insurgents, was arrested by the Soviets as their own was withdrawal from Hungary, and the morning of November 4 General Lascenko tanks, backed by artillery and by both invaded Butapest, finding fierce opposition, especially in working class neighborhoods, and repressed in the blood resistance anticomunista.Imre Nagy was forced to take refuge in the embassy of Yugoslavia, which then handed the Soviets, and was hanged in secret in June of '58, along with Maleter and others, after a trial sommario.Il November 7 at the head of a puppet government was put Kadar. His appointment was later backdated to days 4 to allow the Soviets to justify their intervention in support of that governo.Kadar own, with support from the USSR, annihilated in a short time the pockets of resistance remained in the country and restored order Communist . It was a bloodbath that cost the lives of thousands of workers, peasants and studenti.L 'Unit, PCI organ, manipulating the will of freedom of an entire people, he wrote that the socialist revolution had a sacred duty, "so if trouble not ", to intervene with armi per sconfiggere i “ribelli controrivoluzionari”.Palmiro Togliatti, informato dal Politburo mediante l'ambasciata russa a Roma, dette l'assenso all'invasione. In Parlamento il PCI inneggiò all'armata rossa e "alla funzione liberatrice dell'esercito sovietico”.Giorgio Napolitano chiamò "teppisti e spregevoli provocatori" gli operai e gli studenti ungheresi insorti e, giustificando l'intervento sovietico, lo definì un "contributo alla pace nel mondo".Oggi in Ungheria il 23 ottobre, data di inizio della rivoluzione, è festa nazionale.Il 26 settembre di quest'anno il Presidente Giorgio Napolitano, in visita ufficiale in quella nazione, ha reso omaggio alla tomba di Imre Nagy e al monumento ai caduti della rivoluzione.